We used an ITE score of 30 (the mean of our CA-1 residents during this time period) as the value for ITE score and the Step 1 score varied in its range. For a resident with the mean ITE score, a Step 1 score of 218 indicated a 95% probability of passing and a score of 210 indicated a 90% probability of passing.Feb 1, 2019 · 5. What are the 2019 USMLE minimum passing scores? As of this writing, the minimum scores for the USMLE in 2019 are as follows: 194 minimum score to pass Step 1. 209 minimum score to pass Step 2 CK. 196 minimum score to pass Step 3. If you have questions about the USMLE score reporting process in general and what to expect, we recommend ... The current minimum USMLE Step 1 score to pass is 196, and the maximum possible score is 300. Step 1 Length Compared to Other Exams. At 8 hours, Step 1 is a significantly long test. Including breaks, Step 1 surpasses even the MCAT by a half hour. However, Step 1 is actually the shortest USMLE exam. Length of major medical school and …The table below displays statistics on USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Content Knowledge (CK) scores for first-year residents in 2017-18. For example, while 9.4% of first-year anesthesiology residents had Step 2 CK scores above 259, only 2.0% had both Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores above 259. Tables are available for ACGME-accredited pipeline …However, their positive predictive value was only 50% for higher faculty evaluations and a high overall board pass rate can be achieved regardless of USMLE scores. USMLE Step 1 score is a valid tool for selecting residents but caution might be indicated in using it as a single selection factor. Keywords: Evaluation; Predictive value; Surgical ... Predicted Score: 254 +/- 14 (put in UWSA2, UW% correct and Free 120) Total Weeks/Months Studied: part time september- mid december; full time 2.5 weeks. Actual STEP 2 score: 26*. Sharing because I had a very gradual build up and ups and downs in my scores plus when I was studying I’d read these posts for inspiration! The pass rate for the USMLE Step 1 exam has fluctuated over the years. Before 2022, The USMLE Step 1 exam was scored on a three-digit scale with a passing score of 194. The maximum score a student could receive was 300. The average score for US medical graduates was around 230, while the average score for international medical graduates was ... The USMLE Step 1 exam is a knowledge test. It’s a multiple-choice exam consisting of 280 items in total and is divided into 7 sections, each having 40 questions. The examinee has 1 hour to complete each section (about 1 minute and 30 seconds per question). The exam is 7 hours long, and you get a 45-minute break to eat and another 15-minute ... The USMLE Step 1 score reporting has transitioned from a numerical score to a pass/fail outcome as of January 26, 2022. If you took the Step 1 exam before that date, you would have received a numerical score and a pass/fail outcome on your score reports and transcripts. Now, Step 1 examinees will only receive a pass/fail result on their score ... The Student Promotions Committee will very likely require that students retake Step 1 within 3 months of receiving their failing score. The school requires that students … Examination Results and Scoring. The USMLE program provides a recommended pass or fail outcome on all Step examinations. Recommended performance standards for the USMLE are based on a specified level of proficiency. As a result, no predetermined percentage of examinees will pass or fail the examination. The recommended minimum passing level is ... The current minimum USMLE Step 1 passing score is 194, with a mean (SD) score of 230 (19) in the 2018-2019 academic year. Over the last 2 decades, idiosyncrasies in the interpretation of Step 1 scores beyond its initial purpose of assessment of a minimum proficiency in the knowledge of preclinical sciences has led to a paradigm change in the …The pass rate for the USMLE Step 1 exam has fluctuated over the years. Before 2022, The USMLE Step 1 exam was scored on a three-digit scale with a passing score of 194. The maximum score a student could receive was 300. The average score for US medical graduates was around 230, while the average score for international medical graduates was ... Form 30, 2 weeks out: 62% (87% chance of passing) Form 27, 1 week out: 60% (80% chance of passing) New Free120, 5 days out: 70% Actual Exam: PASS. How the actual test compared to practice exams: Like many on here have said, the actual test is most similar to the Free120, both in format and type of question Surprisingly, I thought the actual ... The National Board of Medical Examiners’ decision to change Step 1 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) from a three-digit score to Pass/Fail (P/F) represents a disruptive change for students, faculty, and leaders in the academic community. In the context of this change, some schools may re-consider the optimal timing of Step 1 as they …percent correct scores for a national cohort, with lines indicating your specific score and the low-pass range for Step 1, which corresponds to performance that is above but near the passing standard. • All content areas are the same. The percentage of the test comprised by each content area continues to be reported.At its April 2022 meeting, the United States Medical Licensing Examination ® (USMLE ®) Management Committee conducted a review of the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) passing standard and decided that a five-point increase in the passing standard – used to determine a Pass or Fail outcome – will apply to Step 2 CK examinees testing on or after July …May 19, 2023 · USMLE Step 1 Study Tip #1: Set realistic goals. Every medical student agrees that practicing for the exam is vital. The more practice questions you work through, the better prepared you will be. However, do not overwhelm yourself. Practicing 100-200 questions a day with follow-up analysis is ideal, but doing any more may result in fatigue. Step 1 is a one-day examination. It is divided into seven 60-minute blocks and administered in one 8-hour testing session. The number of questions per block on a given examination form may vary, but will not exceed 40. The total number of items on the overall examination form will not exceed 280. The examination also includes a minimum ...Effective January 1, 2024, the passing standard for Step 3 will increase, raising the three-digit score requirement from 198 to 200. This change, determined by the USMLE Management Committee, represents an adaptation to the evolving standards in medical education and practice. finally one of the most compelling data is that a passing score (~4th percentile) needs 59% correct that which is almost exactly what is stated on the usmle step 1 website, where they say ~60% correct needed to pass. overall this seems to me to be compelling. also you sometimes see 260+ scorer say they missed at least 20, which would still hold ... Step 1 Pass Rate. Test-takers receive a three-digit score from 1 to 300 for the Step 1 exam, usually made available 3 to 4 weeks after the exam date. ... On January 1, 2020, the passing score for Step 3 was raised to 198 from 196. Fees. It costs $895 to take the USMLE Step 3. This fee is non-refundable and cannot be used from one eligibility ...Jun 15, 2018 ... From 280 to 194 is 86 points. From just passing at 65-70% correct to 100% correct is 84 to 98 questions. That means just about for every one ...What is a passing score for Step 1? Beginning in 2021, NBME made a decision to grade the Step 1 exam on a Pass/Fail (P/F) basis. The scoring standard for a "pass" outcome …As the USMLE ® Step 1 exam became pass/fail earlier this year, this is likely to be one of the last National Residency Match Program (NRMP) Match cycles featuring an appreciable number of applicants with a 3-digit Step 1 score (and the score being a factor during their match process). If you’re curious about what the average Step 1 match scores by …Are you on the hunt for an affordable truck that meets your needs without breaking the bank? Look no further. In this step-by-step guide, we will walk you through the process of bu...Scores between 200 and 210 have been found to correlate with passing the board examination in many specialties, however, no correlation between higher (United States Medical LicensingThe NBOME follows assessment standards and best practices when evaluating our passing standards, ensuring that COMLEX-USA meets and maintains high assessment quality. Candidates now receive (1) a score result status of “pass” or “fail,” and (2) a formative performance profile that compares both total examination performance and ...Effective January 1, 2024, the passing standard for Step 3 will increase, raising the three-digit score requirement from 198 to 200. This change, determined by the USMLE Management Committee, represents an adaptation to the evolving standards in medical education and practice.Are you a Sodexo user looking to check your balance? Whether you have a Sodexo meal card, gift pass, or any other Sodexo product, it’s essential to keep track of your balance. In t...Step 1 Passing Score Percentage. What is the Step 1 passing score percentage? We won’t know with certainty. However, we can determine what percentage you would need on each CBSSA (NBME) to pass Step 1. The passing score percentage for each of the Step 1 NBMEs is: CBSSA 25 – 64% correct (73 incorrect) CBSSA 26 – 64% correct (72 incorrect)Jan 5, 2024 · Step 1 scores were used as an objective metric for cutoff into (or out of) certain specialties or programs. When Step 1 changed to pass/fail, this burden might lie more on your Step 2 CK score, but Step 1 continues to be important as the USMLE is considering requiring a passing score on Step 1 to take Step 2. What is a passing score for Step 1? Beginning in 2021, NBME made a decision to grade the Step 1 exam on a Pass/Fail (P/F) basis. The scoring standard for a "pass" outcome …Most med students pass USMLE Step 1 and COMLEX The Federation of State Medical Boards and the National Board of Medical Examiners recently announced that the United States Medical Licensing Exam will be pass/fail for Step 1. Until the new scoring system takes place in January 2022, there will still be a numeric score for Step …Whether you’re interested in quick fixes or are looking for long-term solutions, working to improve your credit is a good idea. Below are 10 tips that will help you improve your cr...When it comes to air travel, having a boarding pass is essential. If you’re flying with Delta Air Lines, printing your boarding pass ahead of time can save you time and ensure a sm...Subtract the final exam weight from "1" to calculate the weight of your current grade going into the exam. As an example, if the final exam counts for 30 percent, or 0.30, then you current grade counts for 0.70 of your course grade. Multiply the current grade weight times your current grade to calculate the amount your current grade contributes ...The Step 2 CK passing score. As you likely know by now, the passing score for the USMLE Step 2 CK exam increased from 209 to 214 on July 1, 2022. To reflect this, the passing score for the 2023 AMBOSS Step 2 CK Self-Assessment is also 214. You can read the official announcement from the USMLE here .Whether you’re interested in quick fixes or are looking for long-term solutions, working to improve your credit is a good idea. Below are 10 tips that will help you improve your cr...READ THE RULES BEFORE POSTING USMLE Step 1 is the first national board exam all United States medical students must take before graduating medical school. If you are viewing this on the new Reddit layout, please take some time and look at our wiki (/r/step1/wiki) as it has a lot of valuable information regarding advice and approaches on …The 2021 minimum USMLE passing scores are as follows: Step 1 is 194. Step 2 CK is 209. Step 3 is 198. 7. Are there any recent USMLE score report format changes? Though there are no reporting format changes currently, the Step 1 reporting format will change in early 2022 when the exam switches to pass/fail scoring.Do you want to see how a mock USMLE Step 1 pass report looks like? Check out this PDF file that shows an example of a successful score report for the Step 1 exam. You can also find information on how to interpret your score, how to request a transcript, and how to prepare for the exam on the USMLE website.Apr 12, 2023 ... Hey everyone my name is Siddharth and I am a medical intern, MBBS here in India and in this video Follow me on Instagram ...Pass rates on the USMLE Step 1 fell slightly in 2022, but that can be attributed to a number of factors. The exam’s passing score increased by two points, to 196, the …Self-Assessments. UWorld’s Step 1 self-assessments closely replicate the experience of the actual Step 1 exam to help you prepare and boost your confidence for the test day. Know when you are ready to take the exam with our self-assessments. Similar to NBME®, each exam consists of 4 blocks of 40 multiple-choice questions that span multiple ...If you are a millennial without a credit score you are not alone. Statistics show that most millennials have no idea how to build credit or even how to check a credit score. The fi...The Step One USMLE score report is available on the website for up to one (1) year and is later removed. The marks for the USMLE Step 1 score report are displayed in the form of pass or fail without any numerical number. USMLE Step 1 2024 score report consists of the following details - Name. USMLE ID. Test date. Test results - Pass/FailJan 5, 2024 · Step 1 scores were used as an objective metric for cutoff into (or out of) certain specialties or programs. When Step 1 changed to pass/fail, this burden might lie more on your Step 2 CK score, but Step 1 continues to be important as the USMLE is considering requiring a passing score on Step 1 to take Step 2. ACT does not have a passing score, but the average ACT score is a 21 on a scale of 1 to 36. Nearly all students attending top universities score in the upper 20s or lower 30s. The ...USMLE Step 1 passing score is 194; the national mean approximately 229 (sd = 20) . According to the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), the mean score for US allopathic candidates matching into residency programs in 2016 was 233.2 (sd = 17.4) . For the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 academic years, the mean USMLE Step 2CK …The United States Medical Licensing Examination ® (USMLE ®) Step 1 score reporting will transition from a numeric score and pass/fail outcome to pass/fail only for exams taken on or after January 26, 2022.The USMLE program views this change as an important first step toward facilitating broader, system-wide changes to improve the transition from …Dec 14, 2018 ... A score <66 in the NBME CBSE might indicate failure during the USMLE Step 1 first take. Similarly, a score <208 in the USMLE Step 1 might ...2022 Percent Passing. All Takers. 47,653. 88%. 53,881. 82%. In response to requests from LCME schools following the recent policy transition of Step 1 to pass/fail reporting only, USMLE has released Step 1 summary performance data to provide score users with important outcome data earlier than scheduled. The data provides information regarding ...Nov 14, 2022 · Average 2022 USMLE® Step 1 Match Scores by Medical Specialty. As the USMLE ® Step 1 exam became pass/fail earlier this year, this is likely to be one of the last National Residency Match Program (NRMP) Match cycles featuring an appreciable number of applicants with a 3-digit Step 1 score (and the score being a factor during their match process). All USMLE Step 1 scores are reported as either a “pass” or “fail” result for tests administered after January 26, 2022.Students must achieve a score of 196 on the three-digit system to pass the exam. However, the USMLE no longer provides exact score measurements (although you can see how close you were to passing if your score does not meet the minimum threshold …Are you brainy enough to get a perfect score on this basic math test? If you think you're up for it, we have lined out 35 great questions for you to prove to yourself that you are ... it appears that around 65% correct is the 196 passing score, and translates to around 92-95% chance of passing.Uwsa1 has a reputation of overestimating a lot (during three digit score era)Personal opinion: aim for 70% correct in nbmes, but at the end use your own judgment as many have passed with lower % correct. Best of luck. it appears that around 65% correct is the 196 passing score, and translates to around 92-95% chance of passing.Uwsa1 has a reputation of overestimating a lot (during three digit score era)Personal opinion: aim for 70% correct in nbmes, but at the end use your own judgment as many have passed with lower % correct. Best of luck. First, Step 1 score reporting will transition to pass/fail only for administrations on or after January 26, 2022. Second, as part of best practices for licensing and certification examinations, the USMLE program reviews the minimum passing score of each Step exam every three to four years. The standard review process for the Step 1 minimum ...The USMLE Step 1 score reporting has transitioned from a numerical score to a pass/fail outcome as of January 26, 2022. If you took the Step 1 exam before that date, you would have received a numerical score and a pass/fail outcome on your score reports and transcripts. Now, Step 1 examinees will only receive a pass/fail result on their score reports. Form 30, 2 weeks out: 62% (87% chance of passing) Form 27, 1 week out: 60% (80% chance of passing) New Free120, 5 days out: 70% Actual Exam: PASS. How the actual test compared to practice exams: Like many on here have said, the actual test is most similar to the Free120, both in format and type of question Surprisingly, I thought the actual ... finally one of the most compelling data is that a passing score (~4th percentile) needs 59% correct that which is almost exactly what is stated on the usmle step 1 website, where they say ~60% correct needed to pass. overall this seems to me to be compelling. also you sometimes see 260+ scorer say they missed at least 20, which would still hold ... Change to Step 3 Passing Standard Begins January 1, 2024. December 14, 2023 ... Step 3 – Scheduled Score Delay for Examinees Testing in January and February 2024. The USMLE Step 1 exam is scored on a scale of 1-300, with a passing score of 194. The USMLE Step 1 total marks represent a scaled measure of the candidate’s performance on the exam and is not directly proportional to the number of questions answered correctly. The specific algorithm used for scaling the scores is not disclosed.Step 1 Self-Assessment Week. Happening now! Join the 18,000 students paving a new way to pass Step 1. Take the free Step 1 Self-Assessment and get a pass/fail result, study recommendations, and bonus three-digit score — plus …Jun 15, 2018 ... From 280 to 194 is 86 points. From just passing at 65-70% correct to 100% correct is 84 to 98 questions. That means just about for every one ...U.S. allopathic seniors who matched to their desired field of Orthopedic Surgery have an average Step 1 score of 248. In Family Medicine, on the other hand, the average Step 1 score goes around 220, the highest it has ever been. There still remains a significant gap between average Step 1 scores of U.S. allopathic seniors who matched to their ...Because all USMLE Step 1 scores reported on or after January 26, 2022, will be reported as Pass or Fail only, future reviews of Step 1 passing standard will not be reported in terms of a three-digit score. Summary: Since January 26, 2022, the Step 1 score will become worthless, as the result will become a Pass or fail. The passing standard will ... Form 30, 2 weeks out: 62% (87% chance of passing) Form 27, 1 week out: 60% (80% chance of passing) New Free120, 5 days out: 70% Actual Exam: PASS. How the actual test compared to practice exams: Like many on here have said, the actual test is most similar to the Free120, both in format and type of question Surprisingly, I thought the actual ... May 19, 2023 · USMLE Step 1 Study Tip #1: Set realistic goals. Every medical student agrees that practicing for the exam is vital. The more practice questions you work through, the better prepared you will be. However, do not overwhelm yourself. Practicing 100-200 questions a day with follow-up analysis is ideal, but doing any more may result in fatigue. Traveling can be an exciting experience, but the process of getting your boarding pass can sometimes be a hassle. Luckily, Delta Airlines offers an easy and convenient way to obtai...The USMLE Management Committee has decided to increase the passing standard for Step 1 examinees testing on or after January 26, 2022 from 194 to 196. This …Step 1 Pass Rate. Test-takers receive a three-digit score from 1 to 300 for the Step 1 exam, usually made available 3 to 4 weeks after the exam date. ... On January 1, 2020, the passing score for Step 3 was raised to 198 from 196. Fees. It costs $895 to take the USMLE Step 3. This fee is non-refundable and cannot be used from one eligibility ...A Step 1 score >209 was predictive of average CREOG scores of 199. Since the CREOG exam is scored with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 20 for all test-takers, setting the passing score for Step 1 to 209 would reassure program directors that the candidate will do well on the CREOG exam (n = 75).Step 1 change to pass/fail score reporting. After substantial discussion from the medical education and licensing communities, Step 1 of the USMLE moved from numerical score reporting to pass-fail scoring only for tests completed on or after Jan. 26, 2022. “Factors that drove this were a combination of things,” said Daniel Dent, MD, a professor of surgery and …Are you a 10th pass candidate looking for a government job? In today’s competitive job market, it can be challenging to secure a good position with just a high school education. To...Apr 12, 2023 ... Hey everyone my name is Siddharth and I am a medical intern, MBBS here in India and in this video Follow me on Instagram ...Step 1 grading for late-2021 students gets interesting. Students taking USMLE exams in the latter half of the year might look for residencies at the same time as someone who takes the Step 1 test as a pass/fail. Your USMLE Step 2 numerical scores and medical school grades could play a pivotal role in what opportunities are available.Jun 29, 2021 · Learn about the upcoming transition to pass/fail score reporting for USMLE Step 1 exams on or after January 26, 2022 and the review of the minimum passing score every three to four years. The minimum passing score is based on input from medical educators, licensing authorities and other stakeholders. it appears that around 65% correct is the 196 passing score, and translates to around 92-95% chance of passing.Uwsa1 has a reputation of overestimating a lot (during three digit score era)Personal opinion: aim for 70% correct in nbmes, but at the end use your own judgment as many have passed with lower % correct. Best of luck. To pass the GRE, you’ll first need to set separate goal scores for the Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical Writing (AW) sections. Below, we give you step-by-step instructions on how to determine your GRE goal scores. Step 1: Make a Table. First, make a table of all of the programs you’re applying to (or use our printable worksheet). Use ...As we all know, USMLE Step 1 drastically changed in 2022. With Step 1 being pass/fail instead of a three-digit score it seems like passing the exam should be a breeze, right? Well, that’s not the case for everyone. Before starting the dedicated study period for Step 1, many schools have their students take a practice exam to get an idea …
All USMLE Step 1 scores are reported as either a “pass” or “fail” result for tests administered after January 26, 2022.Students must achieve a score of 196 on the three-digit system to pass the exam. However, the USMLE no longer provides exact score measurements (although you can see how close you were to passing if your score does not meet the minimum threshold …. El shaddai game
Sep 2, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Future studies examining the correlation between Step 1/Step 2CK scores and pathology board pass rates are warranted to determine which exam is a better predictor of residency and board exam preparedness. USMLE Step 1 has historically been used by pathology residency programs as an important criterion in assessing applicants. The …Learn what a 707 credit score means. See if 707 is a good credit score, what loans you can get & more. Everything you need to know about a 707 credit score. Find out if 707 is a go... Examination Results and Scoring. The USMLE program provides a recommended pass or fail outcome on all Step examinations. Recommended performance standards for the USMLE are based on a specified level of proficiency. As a result, no predetermined percentage of examinees will pass or fail the examination. The recommended minimum passing level is ... READ THE RULES BEFORE POSTING USMLE Step 1 is the first national board exam all United States medical students must take before graduating medical school. If you are viewing this on the new Reddit layout, please take some time and look at our wiki (/r/step1/wiki) as it has a lot of valuable information regarding advice and approaches on …USMLE Step 1 test scores & exam duration What score do I need to pass Step 1? On February 12, 2020, the NRMP announced that scoring for USMLE Step 1 will be changed to pass/fail. The transition from numeric scoring to pass/fail began with exams taken on or after January 26, 2022. To learn more, visit USMLE.org. How long is the …Feb 21, 2023 · The USMLE Step 1 exam is scored on a scale of 1-300, with a passing score of 194. The USMLE Step 1 total marks represent a scaled measure of the candidate’s performance on the exam and is not directly proportional to the number of questions answered correctly. The specific algorithm used for scaling the scores is not disclosed. Another significant contributor was the USMLE Step 1 score (p < 0.001) as a 10-point increase in the USMLE Step 1 contributed to a two-point increment in the USMLE Step 2 CK score. The highest explanatory variables correlated with the USMLE Step 2 CK were the NBME CBSE score from April examination (r = 0.89), the USMLE Step 1 (r = …Jan 18, 2023 · In fact, the Step 1 pass rates have actually declined by roughly three percent since its transition to pass/fail. The reason for this is likely multifactorial. First, the threshold for passing has increased. On the previous three-digit score scale, the cutoff to pass the exam was 194. Though these three-digit scores are no longer reported, the ... However, recently published research has shown how COMLEX Level-1 scores can relate to USMLE Step 1 scores and that a passing score on Level 1 does not necessarily correlate with a passing score on Step 1 (400-459 correlating with <196). Stuart Barnum, Brandon Craig, Xaolin Wang, Jeanne Sandella, Tsung-Hsun Tsai, John …The 2021 minimum USMLE passing scores are as follows: Step 1 is 194. Step 2 CK is 209. Step 3 is 198. 7. Are there any recent USMLE score report format changes? Though there are no reporting format changes currently, the Step 1 reporting format will change in early 2022 when the exam switches to pass/fail scoring. USMLE Administration, Minimum Passing Scores, and Performance. Continuous test administration of the USMLE is available to all examinees. For Step 1, Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and Step 3, which are the computer-based testing (CBT) components of the USMLE program, test scheduling and delivery are provided by Prometric. Step 1 after pass/fail transition: The Step 1 examinee score report for failing candidates who test on or after January 26, 2022 indicates whether the examinee scored below, about the same, or above a low-pass on each content area. A low-pass corresponds to performance that is above but near the passing standard. Are you preparing for a basic Microsoft Office skills test? Whether you are a job seeker looking to enhance your resume or an employee aiming to improve your proficiency, having a ...Are you tired of standing in long queues at the airport just to print your boarding pass? Well, here’s some good news for you – you can now conveniently print your boarding pass on...September 16, 2021. The United States Medical Licensing Examination ® (USMLE ®) Step 1 score reporting will transition from a numeric score and pass/fail outcome to pass/fail …ACT does not have a passing score, but the average ACT score is a 21 on a scale of 1 to 36. Nearly all students attending top universities score in the upper 20s or lower 30s. The ...Traveling can be an exciting experience, but the process of getting your boarding pass can sometimes be a hassle. Luckily, Delta Airlines offers an easy and convenient way to obtai...Apr 5, 2021 · USMLE Step 1 score reporting will transition from a numeric score and pass/fail outcome to pass/fail only for exams taken on or after January 26, 2022. Is 250 a good USMLE Step 1 score? 250 – 260: This is an excellent score that will single handedly improve your chances to match with a top program. The pass rate for the USMLE Step 1 exam has fluctuated over the years. Before 2022, The USMLE Step 1 exam was scored on a three-digit scale with a passing score of 194. The maximum score a student could receive was 300. The average score for US medical graduates was around 230, while the average score for international medical graduates was ....